The axolotl, with its curious appearance and “smiling” expression, is attracting more and more exotic pet enthusiasts. But can you really keep one at home? Is it legal, ethical, and above all, reasonable? Before giving in to the temptation of this unique amphibian, it’s essential to understand what it entails in terms of responsibility, living conditions, and legal framework.

Is it legal to keep an axolotl at home?

In France and in most French-speaking countries, the axolotl is an animal that private individuals are allowed to keep. It is not on the list of prohibited animals or those requiring mandatory declaration (such as regulated exotic pets). It is therefore entirely legal to own one at home, provided you respect animal welfare regulations and provide appropriate housing conditions.

That said, some regions or countries may impose specific restrictions (for example, in Canada or Switzerland). It is therefore always recommended to check local laws before adopting an axolotl.

Do you need a license or certificate?

No, in general, you do not need a certificate of competence or a permit to own one or more axolotls as a private individual. However, if you plan to breed them on a large scale or sell them, you fall into a different category (breeder or professional) and will need to comply with other requirements: registration, certification, sanitary authorization, etc.

Can we really talk about “breeding” axolotls?

The word “breeding” can be misleading. If you keep one or two axolotls in an aquarium for pleasure, this is more accurately called captive keeping. However, if you deliberately breed them, raise the eggs and larvae, and keep several individuals or give them to others, you are indeed engaging in a form of breeding.

This remains possible provided you fully master each step: incubation, specific feeding for juveniles, isolation, preventing cannibalism, water quality… Therefore, it is not recommended without experience or guidance.

Conditions for keeping them properly

To keep an axolotl at home, you must meet certain minimum conditions:

• A suitable aquarium: at least 80 liters for one adult
• Stable temperature: ideally between 15 °C and 18 °C
• Clean, filtered water with a fully established nitrogen cycle
• Safe substrate (avoid dangerous gravel)
• A calm environment and no strong lighting

These conditions are essential to ensure the animal’s health, whether it is kept alone or in a group.

How many can you keep at home?

There is no legal maximum number, but each axolotl must have enough space to avoid stress and conflicts. Generally, it is recommended:

• 1 adult axolotl: 80 liters
• 2 axolotls: 120–150 liters
• 3 axolotls: 200 liters or more

Be careful — the more you have, the higher the risks of biting, food competition, and water pollution. You should also avoid housing individuals of very different sizes together, especially young ones, to prevent cannibalism.

Breeding axolotls: a bad idea?

Many owners are surprised when a pair of axolotls reproduces spontaneously. The female can lay hundreds of eggs at once, and raising the larvae requires significant commitment: multiple tanks, live food, frequent water changes, constant monitoring…

Before breeding your axolotls, ask yourself if you are ready to take on this responsibility. If not, it is better to entrust the young to an experienced breeder or enthusiast if you do not have the time or equipment needed.

Can you release them into the wild?

No, never. Releasing an axolotl into the wild is illegal, irresponsible, and dangerous — both for the animal and the environment. It would not survive the outdoor conditions (predators, temperature, diseases) and could disrupt local ecosystems. Adoption is a long-term commitment.

Conclusion

Keeping an axolotl at home is entirely possible — and even legal — as long as you do your research beforehand. These animals are neither toys nor decorative gadgets: they require a suitable habitat, precise care, and regular attention. While their adorable appearance may make you want to adopt one on impulse, it is important to respect their nature so they can live peacefully for 10 to 15 years. If you are ready to commit, the axolotl is a unique, discreet, and fascinating companion.