When adopting an axolotl, many owners wonder whether they have a male or a female. Unlike other pets, the differences are not immediately obvious, especially in young individuals. However, it is entirely possible to tell them apart if you know where to look. This article will guide you step by step in identifying the sex of your axolotl once it reaches maturity, using reliable and visual criteria.

Why should you know your axolotl’s sex?

Knowing your axolotl’s sex can save you from many surprises. If you have several individuals, it allows you to anticipate behaviors linked to reproduction or territoriality. It is also essential if you wish to carry out controlled breeding or, on the contrary, avoid it altogether. Finally, it may simply satisfy your curiosity as an attentive owner.

When can you determine an axolotl’s sex?

It is not possible to determine an axolotl’s sex right after birth or during its first weeks. Sexual differences become visible around the age of 12 to 18 months, when the animal reaches maturity. However, some individuals may show signs a little earlier, especially if they grow quickly.

Before this stage, anything you guess will be speculation. It is therefore recommended to wait until full maturity for a clear answer.

How to recognize a male axolotl?

A male axolotl can be identified by several physical features:

• A prominent cloaca: this is the most reliable sign. It is swollen, rounded, and clearly visible at the base of the tail. This bulge is linked to the male reproductive organs.
• A more slender body: males generally have a thinner and more elongated silhouette than females.
• A longer or thicker tail: although not an absolute rule, some males have a slightly more developed tail.

These features are easier to spot in healthy axolotls living in a suitable environment. Cloudy water or a stressed animal may hide these details.

How to recognize a female axolotl?

Females also have characteristics that make them easier to identify:

• A discreet cloaca: unlike males, the female’s cloaca is barely visible or completely flat.
• A wider body: the female has a rounder silhouette, especially around the abdomen. This is even more noticeable during breeding season when she is carrying eggs.
• A generally more robust appearance: although not always obvious, females can appear bulkier.

These signs become more noticeable as the animal ages. A healthy female may even develop a small, visible “belly” without it being a sign of illness.

Common mistakes and pitfalls

It is very common to make mistakes, even for experienced breeders. Here are some errors to avoid:

• Looking too early: before sexual maturity, the differences are too subtle.
• Confusing with individual differences: some males are small, some females are slim… this alone is not a reliable indicator.
• Relying solely on a photo: sex differences are easier to see in movement or from certain angles. A single image can be misleading.

Practical tips for observing your axolotl

To correctly identify your axolotl’s sex, follow these tips:

• Use soft lighting to clearly see the belly and base of the tail without stressing the animal.
• Avoid taking it out of the water or handling it unnecessarily.
• Observe it while it swims slowly, or when it is resting flat on the aquarium floor.

With a bit of practice, you’ll be able to tell the difference at a glance.

And if you’re still unsure?

If you still have doubts, let time do its work. You can also compare with photos of clearly identified male and female axolotls, or ask for advice on a specialized forum. However, avoid any intrusive or stressful handling just to “find out”.

Conclusion

Identifying the sex of your axolotl is a useful skill that comes with observation and experience. Between the shape of the cloaca, body silhouette, and behavior, you have several reliable clues. And if you are not 100 % certain, don’t worry: in a well-maintained tank, your axolotls will thrive regardless.